# Extended Examples ## Contrastive Examples ### Removing announcement phrases **Before:** It is important to note that O'Callaghan's analysis suggests auditory perception does not spatially single out material objects. This is a significant observation. **After:** O'Callaghan's analysis suggests that auditory perception does not spatially single out material objects. ### Replacing vague evaluatives **Before:** The argument faces substantial challenges regarding its empirical grounding. These challenges raise important questions. **After:** The argument faces challenges regarding its empirical grounding: it is unclear how the framework's claims could be tested, or what evidence would tell against them. ### Simplifying stacked hedges **Before:** It might perhaps be argued that one could potentially suggest that the model fails to adequately capture the relevant phenomena. **After:** The model, I suggest, fails to capture the relevant phenomena. ### Engaging an interlocutor **Before:** O'Callaghan's thoughtful analysis suggests that auditory perception does not spatially single out material objects. This is an important observation that merits careful consideration. However, it is far from obvious that this conclusion follows. **After:** O'Callaghan says: "Plausibly, perceiving a particular thing requires being able to differentiate, discriminate, or distinguish it from the surrounding environment" (2011, p. 8). But while spatially singling something out may be necessary for seeing it, making a similar requirement for audition would preclude the hearing of just about anything. ### Drawing a conclusion **Before:** In light of the foregoing considerations, it seems reasonable to conclude that the account faces substantial challenges. These challenges suggest that further work is needed. **After:** In short, a lack of spatial singling out can be understood as a characteristic way in which audition presents whichever features of the world it presents, not as evidence that it presents one type of individual or another. If this is correct, material objects have no less a claim to being heard than anything else. ### Stating a thesis **Before:** I would argue that the appearance-change model, while intellectually interesting and not without its merits, ultimately fails to adequately capture the distinctive phenomenology of auditory source perception. **After:** The appearance-change model fails. Hearing sources is not analogous to seeing changing appearance properties, because hearing sources cannot be a case of hearing objects change at all. ## Exemplar Passages **Passage 1:** Although the claim that we hear source events is popular, I shall argue in this section that it is not obvious how it should be understood. This can be brought out through a comparison with vision: while we have a clear idea of what it is to see events, it is implausible to think that we hear events in the same way. If this is correct, we must characterise source hearing in some other way. **Passage 2:** Audio recordings cannot be taken apart in the same way. If a recording of a rolling event is sliced into snippets, then, regardless of how fine or coarse the slices are, we never find a snippet presenting simply a ball with an unchanging appearance. Very fine slices would present nothing identifiable as a rolling event, only a 'click' would be heard. Listening to coarser and coarser snippets you will eventually come across one which would sound like a momentary rolling event, but there would be no 'sweet spot' in between the coarse and the fine that elicits an experience of an unmoving ball. **Passage 3:** To see why autonomy is not sufficient for attribution of credit, consider the following example. As I pour wine into a glass, you take photos of the liquid splashing and rippling as the glass is filled. The wine is autonomous in the sense that neither I nor you have direct control over exactly how the liquid will splash into the glass (e.g. the size of the ripples, how many bubbles appear), but we would not think that the wine deserves any credit for the resulting photos in any interesting sense, nor would we say it has made any sort of contribution.