# Comments on Jason Leddington, “What We Hear” **Opening (not a real abstract):** Comments on Jason Leddington, “What We Hear” Casey O!Callaghan Jason argues against two claims about sounds and hearing (I!ll treat to hear as to auditorily experience). The first is that sounds are proper objects of hearing—they!re inaccessible to other senses. The second is that the only things we seem to hear directly are sounds. Jason!s main target is the second claim. Jason!s case against the second claim turns on arguing against Phenomenological Independence, the claim that auditory experiences present sounds as independent from ordinary material objects and happenings. Jason quotes Matt Nudds and me each supporting PI, such as in: “Auditory experience presents sounds as independent from ordinary material things, in a way that visual and tactual features are not” (O!C 2008). According to the common thought that sounds are caused by and are heard as caused **Authors:** [[O'Callaghan]]