# Inner Speech and Outer Thought **Opening (not a real abstract):** Inner Speech and Outer Thought Keith Frankish 1. Introduction Recent years have seen extensive empirical studies of many aspects of inner speech, including its phenomenology, cognitive effects, neural basis, and pathology (for a survey, see Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015). Despite this, however, general questions about the nature and function of inner speech remain unsettled, and there is no universally agreed theoretical framework for empirical work. Here, MartínezManrique and Vicente have distinguished two contrasting theoretical approaches — the format view and the activity view — which provide useful reference points in locating views on the matter (Martínez-Manrique & Vicente, 2015). According to the format view, inner speech is an output of the language production system, and its function is to enable conscious thought by supplying an appropriate format, or vehicle, **Authors:** [[Keith Frankish]]