# movements of the mind chapter 5 **Opening (not a real abstract):** Automatic Bias, Experts and Amateurs 5.1 Introduction Bias is a critical factor explaining acting well or poorly, and accordingly, attention is a critical factor in such explanations Agency requires bias. Bias explains solutions to Selection Problems (Section 1.5). This chapter focuses on biased behavior of epistemic and ethical concern driven by attention. Attention is the basis of many forms of doing well and doing badly. Accordingly, it is a target of normative assessment, and important normative dimensions include the level of skill in attention and the propriety of training that establishes specific attentional capacities. Bias, understood in the ordinary sense, is of social concern because of its negative consequences. Explicit bias includes racism, sexism, and ageism, and is a source of inequality, injustice, and concrete harms to individuals and groups. An **Authors:** [[Automatic Bias, Experts and Amateurs]]