# Deepfakes, Shallow Epistemic Graves  ## Metadata - Author: [[Springer Vieweg]] - Full Title: Deepfakes, Shallow Epistemic Graves - Category: #articles - Summary: insert summary - My notes: - Summary: The authors argue that photographs and videos function as signaling systems that usually provide reliable information about the world. Deepfakes reduce but do not destroy this reliability because technical and social mechanisms tend to preserve truthful signals. Only major changes in those mechanisms or values would make images epistemically useless. - URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-022-04003-3 ## LLM Chats ## NotebookLM ## LLM Audio ## Highlights > Abstract ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01k97qct1je072vj884v21wf13)) > In the same way as when you see smoke you can infer there is fire, when you see a scene in a paradigm photograph, you can infer that such scene existed in the world very much in the way it is presented in the picture. Paradigm photographs, according to this line of thought, let us see the objects they depict (Walton, [1984](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-022-04003-3#ref-CR54)), are traces of their subject matter (Currie, [1999](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-022-04003-3#ref-CR13)) and convey factive pictorial experiences (Hopkins, [2012](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-022-04003-3#ref-CR29)). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01k94pdztx49vptntr09b71j18))