# Unnamed Document  ## Metadata - Author: [[readwise.io]] - Full Title: Unnamed Document - Category: #articles - Summary: insert summary - My notes: - Document Tags: [[refereeing]] - Summary: The paper argues that two theories of sound perception can be combined into a new model based on Thomas Reid's theory of vision. It suggests that we perceive sounds as located events by first perceiving audibles, which are related properties of sounds. This approach addresses challenges in understanding how we experience sound, such as echoes and the Doppler effect. - URL: https://readwise.io/reader/document_raw_content/253959386 ## LLM Chats ## NotebookLM ## LLM Audio ## Highlights > and we experience them as belonging to their sources, not to the medium. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnyyq4ahwk5n404s34d5655)) > sounds are events involving a vibrating object? ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnyz1vmvrxqs7tpyhaykj7f)) > Whereas located event views seem to be the best choice when describing ordinary auditory experience, there are a number of phenomena that favour medial theories: doesn’t the possibility of echoes show that sounds travel, as sound waves do? And if sounds are events including a sonorous body – how can we explain that we might still experience a sound if there were sound waves but no such body around ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnyzs41dzmwvv4h4a2hdx8x)) > ) with a short discussion of the question whether or not medial and located event theorists might actually be satisfied with the Reidean view, I devote section 6 to the question whether a Reidean account of hearing couldn’t as well be developed along the lines of Kulvicki’s theory of sounds as stable dispositions. I ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnz6kphdahk9vysbme36g4x)) > Don’t we say that one can hear several sounds? A ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnz935q3wh35c41r8ce77ey)) > If we want to say – which makes sense – that the pitch of the sound changes, then we should say that the sound is identical with – or at least supervene on – the sound waves, rather than with the events going on in the horn, engine or exhaust. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnz9swrhgneg2feexc27dn6)) > And it appears very natural to say that if such a subject hears something, what it hears is a sound. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnzbdsz5jdcm922ve0jcfc4)) > The alternative to the medial view that identifies sounds with events that emit sound waves is commonly referred to as the located event view (cf. Pasnau 1999, O’Callaghan 2007, Casati and Dokic 2009). According to it, sounds are paradigmatically vibrations of material objects.2 The located event view suggests that what we hear when a bell rings is the rapid movement of the bell itself. Of course, in order to be heard, the bell must be in a medium capable of transmitting sound waves. But this does nothing to show that the sound waves are the object of hearing – just as light waves are not the object of sight. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnzevj2xrtbpmdsvav2k3h4)) > Thomas Reid’s theory of vision is construed around a distinction which is still important in contemporary philosophy of perception: the distinction between changing and constant aspects in perception. We are aware of the fact that apparent sizes and shapes of objects vary with distance and orientation ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgnznmffvqy0gyx4fsed85ps)) > However, there are many situations in ordinary life where the spatial character of audition is completely irrelevant and not in the focus of attention. In a longer conversation we only listen to the words said without being aware of the heard origin. In listening to music, most spatial information is ignored. In hearing an orchestral crescendo, there is not the ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp17cnsg840s1ck8ecjx2sr)) > slightest suggestion that the instruments might approach us – the typical spatial interpretation of an increase in apparent loudness.9 The visual counterpart to this kind of experience, besides the already discussed view of the nocturnal sky, might be contemplating abstract painting. Whereas realistic painting is typically viewed as a representation of a three-dimensional environment, in abstract art we often just enjoy the distribution of colour on the 2-dimensional canvas. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp17tx6yj622fdwndfkrt2e)) > There are philosophical attempts to make sense of this talk, notably by John Kulvicki (2008, 2014, 2017) who argues that sounds-as-events stand to sounds-as-properties in the same way changing and context-dependent appearances of colours stand to colours as intrinsic prop ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp1a679v20v5qkpq7eq7hdp)) > A member of the audience may remember the klang of one of the instruments without being able to recall what was played (i.e., the sounds that made her appreciate the klang). But this, surely, is a rare situation. Listening to sounds (particular events) seems much more common. Sounds – unlike apparent colours or apparent shapes – are nothing that is usually overlooked in perception because we are more interested in the things signified by it, the klang properties. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp1c601rvvrc0dfx8e6bam9)) > r ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp30vjqrkykmng4ef9hqdf5)) > r Re ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp2zzk8bhr1xkp7f5dr824f)) > Related to this is the following worry: Once we take into account the perspectival element, as Kulvicki does in his 2017 paper,11 it becomes apparent that there are two readings of his view, which are both incomplete, while an exhaustive theory would be too complicated to be ultimately attractive (that is at least what I want to suggest). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp3qmjb3x1f66p83c5bxgyy)) > it becomes apparent that there are two readings of his view, which are both incomplete, while an exhaustive theory would be too complicated to be ultimately attractive (that is at least what I w ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp4se7yq8hns52pqb60ysba)) > The ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp4kdhr68pg298y2vjs5rk6)) > The Reidean account I suggest here may as well be seen as an attempt to spell out an account that ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jgp4kg9v62m9sx2wda1sf6sv))